Pantheon: Japanese
Translation: Faint Spirit, Ghost
Types of Yūrei:
Onryō: Refers to the spirit of a person who died with a grudge and was feared by people as bringing disaster through possession.
Ubume: A mother ghost who died in childbirth, or left young children behind. Will return to care for her children, often bringing them sweets.
Goryō: The spirit of a noble or accomplished person who became an onryō after losing a political power struggle or dying prematurely from an epidemic.
Funayūrei: Ghosts of those who died at sea. They appear as scaly fish-like humanoids.
Zashiki-warashi: The ghosts of children, who are mischievous and like pulling pranks.
Fuyūrei: These spirits do not seek to fulfill an exact purpose and wander around aimlessly.
Jibakurei: Ghosts that are bound to a specific place or situation.
Key Points
- Spirits barred from a peaceful afterlife due to improper funeral rites or influenced by powerful emotions such as a desire for revenge, love, jealousy, hatred or sorrow
- When this happens, the reikon (spirit) will transform into a yūrei which then returns to the physical world until it can be at peace
Brief Bio
According to traditional Japanese beliefs, all humans have a spirit or soul called a reikon (霊魂). When a person dies, the reikon leaves the body and enters a form of purgatory, where it waits for the proper funeral and post-funeral rites to be performed so that it may join its ancestors. If this is done correctly, the reikon is believed to be a protector of the living family and to return yearly in August during the Obon Festival to receive thanks.
However, if the person dies in a sudden or violent manner such as murder or suicide, if the proper rites have not been performed, or if they are influenced by powerful emotions such as a desire for revenge, love, jealousy, hatred or sorrow, the reikon is believed to transform into a yūrei which can then bridge the gap back to the physical world. The emotion or thought need not be particularly strong or driven. Even innocuous thoughts can cause death to become disturbed. Once a thought enters the mind of a dying person, their yūrei will come back to complete the action last thought of before returning to the cycle of reincarnation.
The yūrei then exists on Earth until it can be laid to rest, either by performing the missing rituals or resolving the emotional conflict that still ties it to the physical plane. If the rituals are not completed or the conflict left unresolved, the yūrei will persist in its haunting.
Oftentimes the lower the social rank of the person who died violently or who was treated harshly during life, the more powerful as a yūrei they would return. This is illustrated in the fate of Oiwa in the story Yotsuya Kaidan, or the servant Okiku in Banchō Sarayashiki.
Yūrei 幽霊
